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Monel® Alloy 400 (UNS N04400) Ni 66.5 Cu 31.5

High strength, good weldability, excellent corrosion resistance over wide range of temperatures and conditions.

Valves, pumps, shafts, marine fixtures, fasteners, electrical, and electronic components, processing equipment, petroleum refining and production equipment, feed water heaters and other heat exchangers.

A Nickel-Copper alloy, resistant to sea water and steam at high temperatures as well as to salt and caustic solutions.

Alloy 400 is a nickel-copper alloy with excellent corrosion resistance in a wide variety of media. The alloy is characterized by good general corrosion resistance, good weld ability and moderate to high strength.
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Unit of Measure
Items
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0.187 Inch (in) Size Monel® 400 Alloy

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0.250 Inch (in) Size Monel® 400 Alloy

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0.375 Inch (in) Size Monel® 400 Alloy

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0.500 Inch (in) Size Monel® 400 Alloy

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0.625 Inch (in) Size Monel® 400 Alloy
Type N/A Bar
Process N/A
Size N/A 0.187 in N/A 0.250 in N/A 0.375 in N/A 0.500 in N/A 0.625 in
Alloy N/A 400
Density N/A 0.318 lb/in³
Specific Heat N/A 0.102 Btu/lb ºF
Electrical Resistivity N/A 307 ohm/cir-mil-ft
Curie Temperature N/A 20 to 50 ºF
Melting Range N/A 2370 to 2460 ºF
Thermal Expansion Coefficient at 70 to 200 Degree Fahrenheit (ºF) N/A
Mechanical Type N/A Annealed
Tensile Strength N/A 70 to 85 ksi
Yield Strength N/A 28 to 50 ksi
Elongation N/A 50 to 35 %
Hardness N/A B60 - 76
Minimum Nickel (Ni) N/A 63
Maximum Iron (Fe) N/A 2.5
Cobalt (Co) N/A Included in Nickel
Copper (Cu) N/A 31
Maximum Manganese (Mn) N/A 2
Maximum Silicon (Si) N/A 0.5
Maximum Carbon (C) N/A 0.3
Other N/A S 0.024 max
General Resistance N/A Corrosion
Unified Numbering System (UNS) N/A N04400
Werkstof N/A 2.4360
Pipe/Tube USA N/A B165
Sheet/Plate USA N/A B127 QQ-N-281
Sheet/Plate Wkstf N/A 17750
Bar/Rod USA N/A B164 QQ-N-281
Bar/Rod Wkstf N/A 17752
Forging USA N/A B564
Forging Wkstf N/A 17754
Weld Wire N/A ERNiCu-7 / 17753 FM 60
Weld Electrode N/A ENiCu-7 FM 190
Speed Surface N/A 60 ft/mm
Speed Percent (%) of B1112 N/A 36
Note N/A These machinability ratios must be recognized as approximate values. They are a reasonable guide to relative tool life and lower required for cutting. It is obvious, however, that variables of speed, cutting oil, feed and depth of cut will significantly affect these ratios.
Machining Section N/A The alloys described here work harden rapidly during machining and require more power to cut than do the plain carbon steels. The metal is 'gummy', with chips that tend to be stringy and tough. Machine tools should be rigid and used to no more than 75% of their rated capacity. Both work piece and tool should be held rigidly; tool overhang should be minimized. Rigidity is particularly important when machining titanium, as titanium has a much lower modulus of elasticity than either steel or nickel alloys. Slender work pieces of titanium tend to deflect under tool pressures causing chatter, tool rubbing and tolerance problems.

Make sure that tools are always sharp. Change to sharpened tools at regular intervals rather than out of necessity. Titanium chips in particular tend to gall and weld to the tool cutting edges, speeding up tool wear and failure. Remember- cutting edges, particularly throw-away inserts, are expendable. Don't trade dollars in machine time for pennies in tool cost.

Feed rate should be high enough to ensure that the tool cutting edge is getting under the previous cut thus avoiding work-hardened zones. Slow speeds are generally required with heavy cuts. Sulfur chlorinated petroleum oil lubricants are suggested for all alloys but titanium. Such lubricants may be thinned with paraffin oil for finish cuts at higher speeds. The tool should not ride on the work piece as this will work harden the material and result in early tool dulling or breakage. Use an air jet directed on the tool when dry cutting, to significantly increase tool life.

Lubricants or cutting fluids for titanium should be carefully selected. Do not use fluids containing chlorine or other halogens (fluorine, bromine or iodine), in order to avoid risk of corrosion problems. The speeds are for single point turning operations using high speed steel tools. This information is provided as a guide to relative machinability, higher speeds are used with carbide tooling.
Characteristics N/A
  • Corrosion resistance in an extensive range of marine and chemical environments. From pure water to non-oxidizing mineral acids, salts and alkalis.
  • This alloy is more resistant to nickel under reducing conditions and more resistant than copper under oxidizing conditions, it does show however better resistance to reducing media than oxidizing.
  • Good mechanical properties from subzero temperatures up to about 480 ºC.
  • Good resistance to sulfuric and hydrofluoric acids. Aeration however will result in increased corrosion rates. May be used to handle hydrochloric acid, but the presence of oxidizing salts will greatly accelerate corrosive attack.
  • Resistance to neutral, alkaline and acid salts is shown, but poor resistance is found with oxidizing acid salts such as ferric chloride.
  • Excellent resistance to chloride ion stress corrosion cracking.
Applications N/A
  • Feed water and steam generator tubing.
  • Brine heaters, sea water scrubbers in tanker inert gas systems.
  • Sulfuric acid and hydrofluoric acid alkylation plants.
  • Pickling bat heating coils.
  • Heat exchangers in a variety of industries.
  • Transfer piping from oil refinery crude columns.
  • Plant for the refining of uranium and isotope separation in the production of nuclear fuel.
  • Pumps and valves used in the manufacture of perchlorethylene, chlorinated plastics.
  • Monoethanolamine (MEA) reboiling tube.
  • Cladding for the upper areas of oil refinery crude columns.
  • Propeller and pump shafts.
Additional Information N/A The alloy has been used in a variety of applications. It has excellent resistance to rapidly flowing brackish water or seawater. It is particularly resistant to hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids when they are de-aerated. The alloy is slightly magnetic at room temperature. The alloy is widely used in the chemical, oil and marine industries.