N/A These machinability ratios must be recognized as approximate values. They are a reasonable guide to relative tool life and lower required for cutting. It is obvious, however, that variables of speed, cutting oil, feed and depth of cut will significantly affect these ratios.

The alloys described here work harden rapidly during machining and require more power to cut than do the plain carbon steels. The metal is 'gummy', with chips that tend to be stringy and tough. Machine tools should be rigid and used to no more than 75% of their rated capacity. Both work piece and tool should be held rigidly; tool overhang should be minimized. Rigidity is particularly important when machining titanium, as titanium has a much lower modulus of elasticity than either steel or nickel alloys. Slender work pieces of titanium tend to deflect under tool pressures causing chatter, tool rubbing and tolerance problems.

Make sure that tools are always sharp. Change to sharpened tools at regular intervals rather than out of necessity. Titanium chips in particular tend to gall and weld to the tool cutting edges, speeding up tool wear and failure. Remember- cutting edges, particularly throw-away inserts, are expendable. Don't trade dollars in machine time for pennies in tool cost.

Feed rate should be high enough to ensure that the tool cutting edge is getting under the previous cut thus avoiding work-hardened zones. Slow speeds are generally required with heavy cuts. Sulfur chlorinated petroleum oil lubricants are suggested for all alloys but titanium. Such lubricants may be thinned with paraffin oil for finish cuts at higher speeds. The tool should not ride on the work piece as this will work harden the material and result in early tool dulling or breakage. Use an air jet directed on the tool when dry cutting, to significantly increase tool life.

Lubricants or cutting fluids for titanium should be carefully selected. Do not use fluids containing chlorine or other halogens (fluorine, bromine or iodine), in order to avoid risk of corrosion problems. The speeds are for single point turning operations using high speed steel tools. This information is provided as a guide to relative machinability, higher speeds are used with carbide tooling.

N/A

• Resistant to a wide range of corrosive media. The chromium content gives better resistance than Alloy 200 and 201 under oxidizing conditions, at the same time the high nickel gives good resistance to reducing conditions.
• Virtually immune to chlorine ion stress corrosion cracking.
• Demonstrates adequate resistance to organic acids such as acetic, formic and stearic.
• Excellent resistance to high purity water used in primary and secondary circuits of pressurized nuclear reactors.
• Little or no attack occurs at room and elevated temperatures in dry gases, such as chlorine or hydrogen chloride. At temperatures up to 550 ºC in these media, this alloy has been shown to be one of the most resistant of the common alloys.
• At elevated temperatures the annealed and solution annealed alloy shows good resistance to scaling and has high strength.
• The alloy also resists ammonia bearing atmospheres, as well as nitrogen and carburizing gases.
• Under alternating oxidizing and reducing conditions the alloy may suffer from selective oxidation.

N/A

• Thermocouple sheaths.
• Ethylene dichloride (EDC) cracking tubes.
• Conversion of uranium dioxide to tetrafluoride in contact with hydrofluoric acid. Production of caustic alkalis particularly in the presence of sulfur compounds.
• Reactor vessels and heat exchanger tubing used in the production of vinyl chloride.
• Process equipment used in the production of chlorinated and fluorinated hydrocarbons.
• In nuclear reactors uses are for such components as control rod inlet stub tubes, reactor vessel components and seals, steam dryers and d separators in boiling water reactors. In pressurized water reactors it is used for control rod guide tubes and steam generator baffle plates etc. Furnace retort seals, fans and fixtures.
• Roller hearths and radiant tubes, in carbon nitriding processes especially.

N/A Alloy 600 is non-magnetic, has excellent mechanical properties and a combination of high strength and good workability and is readily weldable. Alloy 600 exhibits cold forming characteristics normally associated with chromium-nickel stainless steels.

600 sheet and plate are almost exclusively supplied in the annealed condition. Bar stock may need to be stress relieved, or annealed before performing any heading operations.